What was the role of religion in this era? My casual awareness is that Christians were nearly totally irrelevant until around the 3rd century. Wasn’t 140 around the era of the most cults, secret societies, and diversity of beliefs?

You would need to know how the IC tester works. I’ve built my own op amp tester before. All I did was check that some basic inputs yield the correct polarity of output capable of lighting an LED. Characterization involves verifying the actual specifications such as quiescence.

Look through old datasheets and databooks. Back in the 1980s and older, it was common for nearly all ICs to have full documentation. Many are all the way down to the transistor level of stuff like op amps. These often have example circuits you should save and keep for reference. You are likely to encounter test circuits for characterization in some of them. BitSavers.org is a repo of such things. This place is hard to navigate for anything specific. Their stuff is on archive.org too. While it will not help you in this instance, here is a list of logic databooks on archive. It is not complete. https://github.com/Upcycle-Electronics/ChipLabels/blob/master/ListOfLogicDatabooksOnArchive.md (Aside: Pay special attention to the 1996 Motorola databook on that list. Motorola tried to defy the 4k and 74 series logic nomenclature/syntax that originated with Texas Instruments. Motorola had a history of trying to out quality and document the competition in exchange for exploitive brand locking and manipulation so you had to always buy Motorola exclusively. Around the mid to late 1990s they shifted documentation to focus more on compatibility as the company was floundering. This results in an outstanding source of useful information.)

Search the eevblog forum for information and circuits for characterizing.

Keep in mind that the English world is often stupid prejudice. Many times people do not look past the part number. Many of the old part numbers are based on expired patents. So anyone with an ancient fab sitting around is able to make these parts. The datasheet specifications from one manufacturer is not relevant to any other. The part number is just a general thing with no regulatory body or requirement for maintaining some fictional standard. Even with the original part from ages ago when it was patented, had a distribution curve of quality and behavior with a published failure rate. Many of the specifications show typical values on the datasheet without a minimum or maximum because of the potential failure rate and distribution curve of parts that pass initial automated inspection.

Lastly, yes, search YT for channels like ElectronUpdate that use sulfuric acid to dissolve the epoxy packaging and photograph the die under a microscope. Ignore anyone that simply claims parts are fake but does nothing to prove their claims through rigorous testing and shows evidence.

That is a plug on a string

I seem to recall people saying some 311’s are fake. Search YT for people doing die shots.

I think there are lots of situations where rejects are sold on the grey market. Try characterizing them to verify they meet the datasheet specification.

You really are worth less, as you are older than you were yesterday, and young organs sell for more.

deleted by creator

On YT, CHEP is probably one of the best references for basic Ender setup and use.

You are unlikely to have the issue overall, but there is a nonzero chance of having issues with any aluminum extrusions based linear motion system. It is only a serious problem for a single digits percentage of people and the problem is worse on larger printers.

When aluminum extrusions are manufactured, the tolerances of faces are really good. However the one factor that is poorly constrained is twist. The amount is imperceptible without a metrology setup to measure the deviation. In the unlikely chance that you have triple checked every part of your setup, and you are still having issues, keep in mind this is a thing that exists. Try swapping symmetrical components where possible to see if the problem follows the swapped extrusion. This is one of those issues that is nearly impossible to find on your own unless you know to look for it.

If you need any help, don’t hesitate to reach out directly, or post. I’ll help you any way I can. Happy printing!

I have seen a ship and a moose.

Salt or shell shot is what people used in the rural south when I was growing up. Like bird shot in a .22 was typical. It is not lethal, especially from distance, but it is a lesson they will never forget. It is not something I condone or recommend. In the city or suburbs, this sounds cruel or insane, but people don’t tend to have the life experience in rural environments. I remember encountering a pack of dogs near some woods that acted as unsettlingly wild and dangerous as a pack of wolves, and unlike anything in the city. If you’re dealing with danger like that, you have to protect yourself and family.

You could try to electrify the fence and see if that stops them.

No hate friend. The USB-C version of headphones is just a better hardware design. The 3.5mm connector mixed with modern headphone wire is just a bad mix. Those two have polar opposite soldering constraints. I didn’t want to switch either. I have taken apart and repaired both.

Also after taking apart several old phones, the 3.5mm jack is a major moisture ingress point.

mmm salty

They are a real person. You should not say stuff like this.

It really does matter. It means that a version of the technology exists without the obfuscation and it is likely scary powerful.

Just with the small models I play with offline, some of the uncensored ones are much more powerful.

Social stigma (dogma) is the primary cause of harm

Open AI alignment intentionally obfuscates any potentially copyrighted works. People get so confused between what is agentic citations in search results, and what is actual model dialog.

dam da bears! beaver pita!

So by using a transformer, I think you are essentially lowering the voltage to exchange for current. What I do not understand, assuming that simple assumed relationship is correct, is why it is still at thing people do. Like if we lived in the old days of vacuum tubes or bipolar junction transistors, sure it makes sense that a little more current might help. Now, in the era of rail to rail op amps with JFET inputs, I don’t understand why anyone needs to create the Eddy current losses of a transformer. Maybe it is safety from transients? But then why attenuate… and why not resistively for a more simple RLC element… very curious now…

What are the compact options short of a small wire and palm tree? I could probably etch that length on a couple of a4 size sheets of copper clad from ABC at around my minimum resolvable pitch size.

I’ve never really wrapped my head around impedance in this kind of context to the point of a functional fundamental understanding. I know the basic explanations and definitions well. It is like AC resistance; high impedance means low current potential, aka needs buffering or gain; low impedance is deadly microwave transformers and welding type stuff. I have wound my own I/E core transformers and built a dozen switching supplies, but I do not understand what you mean here by using impedance matching with a transformer. I would like to.

Nothing stupider!
Come to Jupiter!
The galaxy knows,
everyone goes,
for the best fillet’n,
from the Galileans!

OP is not dev, @[email protected] is the person to ask