I like ls -Ap, the -p option is convenient, it puts a / at the end of names if they’re directories. -A is like -a but doesn’t show . and ..

-l is sometimes useful, but a bit cluttered and less readable (at least to me, maybe it wouldn’t be if I were used to using it)

equating skin colour with culture

Not equating. They said that people of an ethnicity are often also of a culture common among those of that ethnicity.

I’m in Costa Rica, and people are likely to (correctly) assume that I’m a foreigner here because I’m white.

It’s not equating. It is, however, a way to tell what is likely.

fykst yt for ÿu

Inglyš orþografi. Ic laÿk dis klows tu biyņ random. Aðer laņgwajez hav riformd derz (or derz or derz) tu meÿk sens at sǎm poÿnt syns de don ov modern lyterasi.