I think it’s accurate to say that most women express emotions more frequently, which is healthier, whilst men are more likely to bottle up emotions and thus have more noticeable and chaotic outbursts.
Of course, neither of these are hard rules, but they are observable societal norms
I don’t know about studies, but personal observations from living in a bunch of different societies have told me a few things:
There are very, very few “universals” in human behaviour.
One of those very, very few “universals” is, in fact, gender divides and coding.
The specifics of the gender coding, however, vary wildly from culture to culture such that behaviour that’s viewed as super-masculine in one culture can be viewed as feminine-coded in another.
I think it’s accurate to say that most women express emotions more frequently, which is healthier, whilst men are more likely to bottle up emotions and thus have more noticeable and chaotic outbursts.
Of course, neither of these are hard rules, but they are observable societal norms
Have there been any studies showing if that is due to biological/hormonal differences or just societal norms?
I don’t know about studies, but personal observations from living in a bunch of different societies have told me a few things: