If you’re interested in that storyline, check out NSA by Andreas Eschbach. I’m afraid that one might only be available in German.

CGP Grey did research on the name Tiffany: https://youtu.be/9LMr5XTgeyI (8 min long video)

I don’t know the name, but it’s a tool to tighten a steel band.

When you’re a fireman whose job is to plan which vehicles go where or when you need to precisely specify which type of fire vehicle. Non-firemen usually say Feuerwehrfahrzeug or even Feuerwehrauto.

Anki is a digital flash card app for phones, so I guess they convert whatever they’re learning to the Anki format.

Look up Avogadro

OK, you got it then, I believe. P3 is specifically built so that P3(xn)=yn for n from 1 to 4. The proof lies in its construction. I guess the sentence can be understood as “we know it works because we built it like that, however you may verify it yourself”

Replace the words “Convince yourself” with “You can verify” and it might make more sense.

That’s not possible because of the way disk encryption works. When you unlock an encrypted drive, it does not actually decrypt it - that would take way too long and leave the disk unencrypted. Instead, the computer keeps the key in RAM and uses it to decrypt the accessed data blocks on the fly.