• marcos@lemmy.world
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    2 months ago

    Because they have mass. They don’t have “mass at rest”, but they are never at rest anyway.

    Do you remember that famous E = mc^2 equation? Everything that has energy has mass.

    • dQw4w9WgXcQ@lemm.ee
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      2 months ago

      But how do you apply this with Lorentz’ transformation (i.e. relativistic factors)? You cannot approach the speed of light without considering relativism. It is known that p = gamma * m * v where p is momentum, gamma is the gamma factor given by sqrt(1/(1 - (v^2/c^2))), m is mass and v is velocity. If you study the gamma factor, you’ll realize that it approaches infinite as v approaches c, the speed of light. Since we are actually dealing with light here, where v = c we are breaking the equation. Momentum cannot be defined for any mass which moves at the speed of light. It’s asymptotic at that speed.

      Also note that the same goes for E = mc^2. At relativistic speeds, also this equation needs to consider the gamma factor. So those classical equations break down for light.

      The answer is that photons don’t have mass, but they have energy. There is a good explanation a bit further up in this thread on how this is possible.

      • marcos@lemmy.world
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        2 months ago

        The one that you multiply with gamma is the rest mass, not the total mass.

        To be short, p = m_0 * γ * v, where m_0 is the rest mass. Put that in your equation and look what happens.

    • DarkThoughts@fedia.io
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      2 months ago

      So, since you cannot delete mass, do they just endlessly bounce / reflect off when hitting something, like the sail?

      • marcos@lemmy.world
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        2 months ago

        They can also be created or absorbed into something else. The mass of whatever absorbs them increases, and the mass of whatever is emitting them decreases when they do that.

        The mass of everything is changing all the time. The thing that is constant is the rest mass.

        • caden@lemmy.sdf.org
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          2 months ago

          The object doesn’t absorb their mass, but rather their energy (which admittedly can be equated to a mass via a factor of c^2, but that’s not actually what’s happening). The change in momentum that results from a photon hitting you isn’t caused by a change in m, it comes from a change in v. If mass were the quantity being transferred, solar sails wouldn’t work to move anything; they would just sit there and get more massive as photons hit them.