They clog and you do need to rinse them, and running (clean) water in the opposite direction is a common way to clean them.

They do eventually degrade or clog to the point of being unable to function and then you have to replace them. Usually they fail such that it gets slower to filter the water rather than letting dirty water through, although that’s not always the case. One time I had a cracked filter, and the symptom was the filtering went suspiciously quickly. I think I drank some only partially filtered water before I figured it out (didn’t get sick though).